This section offers Continuous Assessment Tests (CATs) and End-of-Semester University Examinations (UE) for courses on Virology. These resources are designed to help you understand how questions are set and to…

Horses are susceptible to a variety of viral diseases, some of which can lead to severe health problems or even death. 1. Equine Influenza (EI) Causative Agent Virus: Influenza A…

This list covers major viral diseases affecting dogs and cats, detailing their causative agents, family, genera, transmission, replication, pathogenesis, clinical signs, and control strategies. 1. Viral Diseases of Dogs 1.1…

Fish viral diseases are significant in aquaculture and fisheries, leading to substantial economic losses globally. 1. Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis (IHN) Causative Agent: Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) Family: Rhabdoviridae Genus:…

1. Newcastle Disease (ND) Causative Agent: Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) Family: Paramyxoviridae Genus: Orthoavulavirus Transmission Direct contact with infected birds or secretions (droppings, nasal discharge). Aerosol and contaminated feed, water,…

1. Classical Swine Fever (CSF) Causative Agent: Classical Swine Fever Virus (CSFV) Family: Flaviviridae Genus: Pestivirus Transmission Direct contact: Infected pigs, secretions, and excretions. Indirect contact: Contaminated fomites, feed, or…

Sheep and goats are susceptible to a variety of viral diseases, many of which have significant economic and health implications. 1. Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) Causative Agent: Peste des…

Cattle are susceptible to various viral diseases that significantly affect their health, productivity, and the economy. 1. Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) Causative Agent: Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) Family: Picornaviridae Genus: Aphthovirus…

Transmission of human viral diseases The transmission of human viral diseases occurs through various routes, depending on the virus’s characteristics and the host’s interaction with the environment. 1. Direct Contact…