Learning outcomes: Mechanisms of Viral Entry: Students will be able to explain the different mechanisms by which viruses enter host cells, including endocytosis, membrane fusion, and direct penetration. Students will…
How host cell support the replication of viruses Overview of how the cell support replication Different viruses have evolved various strategies to exploit the host cell for their replication. Throughout…
The one-step growth curve, developed by Max Delbriick and Emory Ellis (1939) using the Escherichia coli-T4 bacteriophage system, marks the start of modern bacteriophage research. Viral replication is often analyzed…
Viral replication is the formation of biological viruses during the infection process in the target host cells. Replication is the total of all the events whereby a single particle attaches…
Viruses attach to proteins known as cellular receptors or attachment factors on the surface of the host cell All viruses react specifically with a receptor on a cell surface using…
Phagocytosis Phagocytosis (cell eating) – occurs in specialized mammalian cells (so-called professional phagocytes, e.g., dendritic cells and macrophages) that engulf large and essential particles. Viral entry by this pathway typically…
Viral membrane fusion Topic 7: The Biology of Replication of Viruses Virus Internalization Viral membrane fusion Viral membrane fusion is the process by which enveloped viruses enter host cells. Fusion…
Receptor-mediated endocytosis (viropexis) Topic 7: The Biology of Replication of Viruses Virus Internalization Receptor-mediated endocytosis (viropexis) Endocytosis or veropexis is the most common cellular entry technique for viruses Once the…
Virus uncoating is the process where a virus sheds or removes or alters its protective protein coat (capsid) to release its genetic material inside a host cell, initiating the infection.…