The interfaces between wildlife, livestock, and humans are critical areas where the transmission of viruses can occur, leading to the emergence of zoonotic diseases. These interfaces, often referred to as…
Learning objectives On completing this topic, you should be able to: Understand how specimens for viral diagnosis are collected, handled, and transported to the laboratory Describe the principles of techniques…
Sample collection is a critical step in diagnosing viral diseases, as it ensures accurate detection of the virus or viral antigens in affected individuals. Proper sample collection depends on the…
Topic 13: Laboratory diagnosis of viral infections Sample collection for diagnosis of viral diseases Specimen shipping/transport and storage For the most accurate diagnosis, it’s important to think beyond specimen collection…
Because viruses are obligate intracellular parasites, they cannot be grown on any inanimate traditional medium or a man-made nutrient medium. They require a dwelling host cell for replication. Contaminated host…
Climate change can have significant impacts on the emergence and spread of viral diseases in both humans and animals. Climate change can have complex and varied impacts on the prevalence,…
El Niño is a climate phenomenon characterized by the periodic warming of sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean. This warming can have widespread impacts on…
Animal inoculation was the first method of virus cultivation and for many years was the only means of virus propagation. To confirm the infectious nature of the disease it may…
The diagnosis of viral infections in animals and humans involves similar principles, but the specific methods may vary depending on the species and the characteristics of the virus. A combination…